Narcolepsy type 2 may or may not be an autoimmune disease. Researchers believe that narcolepsy type 1 is likely an autoimmune disease. Brain injuries: Damage to parts of the brain that control sleep and wakefulness, especially to the hypothalamus, may contribute to narcolepsy.It may be that certain environmental factors must be present for a person to develop narcolepsy. Environmental factors: A complex interaction between genes and the environment may contribute to narcolepsy.In Europe, there was an increase in narcolepsy cases in 2009 after widespread H1N1 flu vaccines, but there was no such increase in Canada, which also used the vaccine. In some people, certain types of influenza may trigger the disease. Immune system issues: Unusual activity in the immune system may be a risk factor for narcolepsy.Some other potential causes and risk factors for narcolepsy include: Other causes and risk factors of narcolepsy This also transfers from parent to child if the child receives a single gene from a parent. Autosomal dominant narcolepsy, type 2 diabetes, and obesity, which causes diabetes and obesity, as well as narcolepsy.It develops in people who have a mutation in the DNA methyltransferase (DNMT1) gene. Autosomal dominant cerebral ataxia, deafness, and narcolepsy, which causes deafness, narcolepsy, and cataplexy.Some rare types of narcolepsy are autosomal dominant, which means that a person will develop the disease if they inherit one gene from a parent for the disease. Researchers have less understanding of the causes of narcolepsy type 2, though some studies have found certain genetic variants may increase the risk. This means that this gene likely plays a role, but does not necessarily mean that it is the sole cause, nor that all people with this genetic variant get narcolepsy.Ībout 20% of people without narcolepsy also carry this variant. Researchers think this may be due to an autoimmune disease that causes the body’s immune system to attack these neurons in the brain.Ī variation in the specific human leukocyte antigen (HLA) gene, HLA-DQB1*06:02, is present in most people with this form of narcolepsy. In narcolepsy type 1, the neurons that contain hypocretin, which doctors may also call orexin, either do not exist or are severely damaged. Researchers have identified a strong genetic link to narcolepsy type 1, which causes narcolepsy and cataplexy. Share on Pinterest The Good Brigade/Getty Images Keep reading to learn more about the genetic factors associated with narcolepsy, including the signs and outlook for the condition. However, sometimes narcolepsy clusters in families, suggesting at least some forms of the disease might have a strong genetic association. Unlike some diseases with a strong genetic association, narcolepsy is usually sporadic, which means that people develop narcolepsy even without a family history. Even so, many questions remain about the causes of narcolepsy, and most research suggests a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Researchers have a better understanding of the genetic underpinnings of narcolepsy type 1 than narcolepsy type 2. Narcolepsy type 2 has the same symptoms but without cataplexy - a temporary loss of muscle control. Narcolepsy type 1 causes cataplexy, excessive daytime sleepiness, unusual sleep patterns, and reduced neurons in the hypothalamus. However, changes in one group of genes may increase the risk of having narcolepsy or conditions linked to narcolepsy. There is no evidence that a single gene or genetic variation causes narcolepsy.
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